1) The Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most famous and valuable artworks in the world.

2) The political system of the People's Republic of China is based on the Communist Party's leadership, with the General Secretary holding significant authority and influence over the country's policies and governance.

3) The Battle of Waterloo in 1815 marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte and the end of his reign as Emperor of France.

4) The world's first stock exchange was established in Amsterdam in 1602.